අක්ෂර වින්‍යාසය - 6 ශ්‍රේණිය

ජනශ්‍රැති
සාහිත්‍ය
මුද්‍රණ
පිංසේන්ඩු
පෝෂණය
කාව්‍ය
ක්ෂේත්‍රය
සොබාදහම
ආශ්චර්ය
මාතෘකාව
නිර්මාණය
ප්‍රබන්ධ
විදේශීය
අත්දැකීම්
පරිච්ජේදය
කෘතිය
දිළිඳු
ශෛලිය
ආකර්ශනීය
පෞද්ගලික
අක්ෂර
ව්‍යඤජන
ලිඛිත
නීතිඥයා
විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය
නිශොල්ලාසය
ආඛ්‍යාතය
පුරුෂ
ලේඛකයෝ
කෘති
අමනුශ්‍යාධිගෘහිත
සත්ත්වයන්
අධිෂ්ඨානය
සංඝයා
වර්තමාන කාලය
සංගීතඥයා
දීර්ඝ
පැළෑටිය
කෘමි
ආශිර්වාදය
ව්‍යංගාර්ථය
විද්‍යාලංකාර
අවධාරණය
ශිඛර
විහාරස්ථානය
රාජද්‍රෝහී
ත්‍රිසිංහලාධීශ්වර
සූර්ය ග්‍රහණය

ජන කවි

විවිධ රැකියාවල නිරත වූ ගැමියන් සිය දුක්බර ජීවන තොරතුරු ඇතුළත් කොට ප්‍රකාශයට පත් වූ ජීව වේදනාවන් අන්තර්ගත කාව්‍ය විශේෂයකි ජන කවි. මෙහි විශේෂ ලක්ෂණය වන්නේ නිර්මාණකරුවකු දැකිය නො හැකිවීම යි. ඒ අනුව පැල් කවි කියූ තැනැත්තා ගොවියකු ලෙසත්, ගැල්කවි කියූ තැනැත්තා ගැල් කරුවකු ලෙසත්, පාරු කවි කියූ තැනැත්තා පාරුකරුවෙකු ලෙසත්, අපට හඳුනාගත හැකි ය. අව්‍යාජව, යථාර්ථවාදීව ජීවන තොරතුරු හෙළි කර, කාව්‍ය රිතිවලින් පීඩනයට පත් නොවී ගැමියන් නිදහසේ සිය කවි සිතිවිලි ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කර ඇති අතර අදහස් එක එල්ලේ ප්‍රකාශ කිරීමට තරම් නිහතමානී වූ බවක් ද ජනකවි තුළින් දිස්වේ.

  

පැල්කවි 

කැලෑ එළිකර, හේන් වගා කොට, ඒවා කිරිවැදී එන කාලයට වන සතුන්ගෙන් වන හානි අවම කර ගැනීමට හේන මැද රූස්ස ගස් දෙබලක ගොවීහු පැල් තනති. එම තනන පැලේ රාත්‍රී කාලය ගෙවා දැමීමේදී ඇතිවන පාළුව කාන්සිය නිදිමත පලවා හැරීමට ඔවුහු පැල් කවි ගායනා කළහ. එක් ගොවියකු අරඹන පැල් කවිය ආසන්න ම අනෙක් හේනේ සිටින තැනැත්තා ද පිළිතුරු වශයෙන් කවියක් කියයි. හේන් යාය පුරා මෙලෙස දිගින් දිගටම කවි කියැවෙන විට කාන්සිය මඟහැරී සිතට සහනයක් සවියක් දැනෙයි. සතුන්ගේ පැමිණීම ද වැළකෙයි.

ලස්සන හිමවතේ මා වී             පැසෙන්නේ
දුක්දෙන අලි ඇතුන් පන්නා           හරින්නේ
රැක්මෙන දෙවියනේ වෙල බත්       බුදින්නේ
දුප්පත්කම නිසයි මම පැල්           රකින්නේ

හිරු දෙවියන් ගිරි මුදුනින්             වඩින තුරා
සඳ දෙවියන් තරු අතරින්             වඩින තුරා
සැම දෙවියන් සිව් හෙළයෙන්        වඩින තුරා
සිව්පද කියමු රට ඉසුරෙන්          පිරෙන තුරා

දුම්බර කෙතේ වැට බැඳලා         රැකුම් බැලුම්
මහවැලි ගඟේ දිය බැඳලා         කෙතට ගිලුම්
බොළඳ ලියන් කර ඔසවා          බලන බැලුම්
තුන්පත් රටාවයි දුම්බර          කෙතේ නෙළුම්

කල්බලා නොවෙද ගොවිතැන්      කරන්නේ
මල්වරා නොවෙද කිරිවැද         පැසෙන්නේ
සෙනසුරා නොවෙද වැහිපල         නුදුන්නේ
ලොව්තුරා බුදුන් කවදද              දකින්නේ

කැලේ කපා වැට බැන්ඳා         කැත්ත දනී
කුඹුර පුරා දිය බැන්ඳා              කුඹුර දනී
සීනි කකා පැල් ලැග්ගා             පැදුර දනී
මෙදා පැලේ වී අඩුවා               අටුව දනී

පෙර කලේ කරපු අකුසල් වල             අපලා
මෙම කලේ විඳිමු දුක් පැල්වලට           වෙලා
රජ කලේ සිටන් පුරුදුයි පැල්            ලැගලා
ලොකු රාලේ කියන් පැල්කවි          තෝරාලා

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නෙළුම් කවි

ගැමියන් ඔවුන්ගේ ප්‍රධාන ජීවනෝපාය වූ ගොවිතැනෙන් පසුව එළඹෙන විවේක කාලය ගොඩ ගොවිතැනින් භෝග වර්ග නිපදවා ගැනීමට යොදා ගනී. බිම සැකසීම, වැපිරීම, පැළ සිටුවීම, මල් නෙළීම, අස්වනු නෙළීම ආදී කාර්යයන් ඉටු කර ගැනීමේදී කාන්තා සහය ද ලබා ගනී.ගොයම් කැපීමේ කාර්යයට පෙර ද දෙවියන්ගේ අවසර ලබා ගැනීම ගැමියන් ගේ සිරිතකි. ඉතා ගෞරවනීය ආකාරයෙන් ඉර සඳ හා මිහිකත දෙවියන්ගෙන් අවසර ලබා ගනී.

තෙල්ගාලා හිස පීරන්                   නෑනෝ
ඇටවැල අරගෙන බැඳගන්              නෑනෝ
සේලේ ඉණවට ඇඳගන්                නෑනෝ
ගොයම් නෙළන්නට අපි යමු           නෑනෝ

කෙනෙක් කවිය පුරමින් මුල් පදය       කියනවා
අනෙක් සැවොම එම පදයම රුවට       කියනවා
නොයෙක් තාලේ කවි සී පද කියා     නෙළනවා
රැසක් පිරිස් එක් වී කවි අසා             සිටිනවා

දුම්බර කෙතේ වැට බැඳලා         රැකුම් බැලුම්
මහවැලි ගඟේ දිය බැඳලා         කෙතට ගිලුම්
බොළඳ ලියන් කර ඔසවා          බලන බැලුම්
තුන්පත් රටාවයි දුම්බර          කෙතේ නෙලුම්

බැරිය කිය කියා තැන තැන      නොසිටිල්ලා
හරිය කිය කියා ගොයමේ           සිටපල්ලා
විරිය සිතින් කවි සී පද              කරපල්ලා
කිරි දී කිරි කිරි පැණි දෙන්         දැනගල්ලා

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කමත් කවි

කැපු ගොයම එක්රැස් කර තබන ස්ථානය කමත ය. ගොයම පෑගීම මැඩීම බොහෝ විට රාත්‍රි කාලයේ දී ද සිදු වේ. මේ අතර තුර ඇතිවන නිදිමත ගතිය වෙහෙස කාන්සිය මකා දැමිමට කියන ලද ජනකවි ‘කමත් කවි’ යනුවෙන් අදහස් කෙරේ. උකුණු ගහ, බානා, කටුමානා, යතුර, දැත්ග ආදී කමතේදී භාවිත කරන සුවිශේෂී භාෂාවක් ද තිබේ.

වැද්ද නොදී කම්මැලි          ඇරපල්ලා
යුද්ධ ලෙසට සැරසී           සිටපල්ලා
සුද්ද වචන කවි පද           පවසල්ලා 
සද්ද නාද ඝෝෂා             කරපල්ලා

බල බල සවියෙන් වැඩ        කරපන්නේ
කෙළ කෙළ ඇත් රළ සේ සිට    ගන්නේ
රැළ රැළ යන ලෙස අහුරු       දමන්නේ
කෙළ පළ කර ගොයම් සිට      ගන්නේ

කරලා ආදර කැදවා            ගන්නේ
වැරලා මද ගොයමේ සිට      ගන්නේ
වැරලා මද ගොයමේ සිට      ගන්නේ
කරලා වැඩ දියවර නා         ගන්නේ

ඉඳිමින් කුඹුරට ගිය කල       එකලා
අදිමින් තැන තැන වට මලු    කරලා
බඳිමින් කමතක් බිම සොමි    කරලා
අඳිමින් කොළ කමතේ ගොඩ කරලා

ප්‍රස්තාව පිරුළු

පිරුනු කළේ දුිය නොසැලේ      බුදු්ධිමතුන් කිසි විටෙක නරක ලෙස නොහැසිරෙන බව 

පෙරලෙන ගලේ පාසි නොබැදෙු්      නිතරම ක්‍රීයාකාරී පුදු්ගලයා සැම විටම නැවුම් වේ 

ගල හොඳුනම් අඔරන කහ මක්වේදු?     යම් ක්‍රියාවක මුලික දෙු් හොඳුනම් ලැබෙන ප්‍රතිළුලයක් යහපත් වේ. 

දුිලිසෙන සියල්ල රත්තරන් නොවේ    පිට ඔපය තිබෙන සෑම දෙුයකම වටිනාකම්ක් නොමැති බව 

පරංගියා කොට්ටේ ගියා වගෙයි    යම් ක්‍රියාවක් නිම කිරීමට කෙටි මාර්ග තිබියදුී දුර මාර්ග තෝරා ගැනීම 

කතාව දෙුා්ලාවෙන් ගමන පයින්     කතාවට වඩා ක්‍රියාව වෙනස්ව සිදු කිරීම

වඳුින්න ගිය දෙු්වාලය ඉහේ කඩා වැටුනා වගේයි    උදුව්වක් කිරීමට යාමේදුී කරදුරයකට ලක්වීම 

කටුස්සාගේ කරේ රත්තරං බැන්ඳුා වගෙයි     නුසුදුස්සාට අනවශ්‍ය ලෙස බුහුමනු දුැක්වීමෙන් අහංකාර වීම 

Trinity College,Kandy

 Trinity College Kandy

Trinity College Kandy, Sri Lanka was founded in 1872, by the Principal Rev. Richard Collins. Although, it was founded as an Anglican Missionary school based on the traditions of the best of the public schools in England, the missionaries took into its ambit the best of the indigenous culture. Today it is one of the leading schools with a rich heritage. The grand Principal of Trinity College Rev. A.G. Fraser brought the school from a mere provincial school to a national college. In his day (1904-1924), it became a multi facetted educational institution, equal to that of any leading school in the British Commonwealth. In the days of Fraser 17 different nationalities made use of the all round educational Trinity provided.

Although Trinity College was founded in 1872, its antecedents go back to 1817 when the first missionaries from Britain, Mr. and Mrs. Browning entered the hill country, despite the recent anti-British rebellion which had shaken the country. They set up an elementary school of humble proportions, which later grew up to be a large institution. This flourished in its day but was later closed down for unknown reasons. Another attempt was made under a zealous missionary Ireland Jones in 1857. In his day it was popularly known as the Kandy Collegiate School, but again for unknown reasons was closed down in 1863. Hence it was necessary to make another effort in 1872. The early efforts were painstaking but the results have endured for the school has grown and has lasted to this date. Richard Collins (1872-1878) was followed by the illustrious Principals Rev. J.G. Garret, M.A. (Dub) (1878- 1883), Rev. E.N. Hodges (1883-1888), Rev. E.J. Perry (1888-1890), Rev. H.P. Napier-Clavering (1890-1900), Rev. R.M. Ryde (1900-1902) and under their wise stewardship the school grew.

The greatest was to follow them. That was the grand Principal of Trinity about whom reference has already been made. Fraser was an inspiring personality and yet truly self-sacrificing. All his best years were given to Trinity and all his efforts bore fruit. He had the power of persuasion, which he used to inspire brilliant men from Oxford and Cambridge to serve as Anglican missionaries at Trinity College. Walter Senior was one such person who came to serve as Vice Principal under Fraser. He is best known as the Bard of Lanka. Decisions of Mr. Fraser were daring but far sighted. It was he who introduced the mother tongue and broke away from conventional subjects mostly imported from England. He introduced a diversified system of education with a strong bias towards national needs. Agriculture was introduced when it was not the practice in any other local school. The story of Mr. Fraser is voluminous, for he was not merely a Principal but a stalwart among head masters. He had on his staff a brilliant man Gaster, who was responsible for planning the buildings of the time. Two buildings, one know as the “Gaster Block” and the other was The Chapel which continues to be admired today and bears testimony to the wisdom of Fraser and Gaster. The chapel is unique among churches in Sri Lanka. Architecturally one could see the best of Sinhala Architecture, with designs and carvings similar to those one could see in Polonnaruwa, an ancient capital of Sri Lanka. It was the first open chapel in the world, when all the others were of gothic type. During his years as Principal, Mr. Fraser obtained a lease of a land from the Asgiriya Temple and leveled it to create a playing field, which was later to become the Asgiriya International Cricket Stadium. In his time the school games brought much honour and glory to the school from the innumerable victories in Cricket and Rugby. Rev. Fraser left in 1924 to head a school in Ghana, namely Achimotta the great college of that country.

Before Rev. Fraser left, he found his ideal successor Cannon McLeod Campbell (1925-1935) who not only carried on the work of Mr. Fraser to its fulfillment but, brought about a very healthy atmosphere in the school. If Mr. Fraser was an uncompromising disciplinarian, so was Cannon Campbell. The decade he headed was perhaps a period of pristine glory. Cannon Campbell retired to England and later held responsible positions in the Church of England, particularly as Chaplain to the Royal Family. His successor, Rev Robert Stopford (1935-1940) had a short period, among other reasons the Second World War intervened and all that could have been accomplished during this period could not be realized. Introduction of Kandyan dancing into the school curriculum, and the introduction of the mother tongues as media of instruction, will always bear testimony to Rev. Stopford’s wisdom. The hall was a gift of our greatest benefactor Mr. A.H.T. De Soysa during the time of Principal Stopford. Principal Stopford did not return to Trinity, but continued to serve the church and later rose to be the Bishop of London.

The first Ceylonese Principal Mr. C.E. Simithrarachchy (1941-1951) was a great conservationist and a disciplinarian under whom Trinity consolidated using all that was best in its heritage. When Ceylon became independent in 1948 Trinity College was fully equipped to serve the Nation. Far-sighted decisions made Trinity College a model school and a storehouse of experience. In 1950 under him, Trinity College Kandy became an independent school and to this day remains so, as a fee-levying private school recognized by the educational authorities of the Government of Sri Lanka. After the retirement of Mr. Simithrarachchi, the school went back to the old tradition of British leadership and appointed Norman Walter (1952-1957) a young and zealous man. Perhaps he was the most industrious Principal under whom progress was all round, particularly in buildings. He was the last of the British Principals. With the independence of the country there were considerable changes particularly with regard to language policy, and it was thought wiser to hand over Trinity to local management. The policy laying body of the school is the Board Of Governors under the Anglican Bishops of Ceylon. The Board in consultation with the retiring Principal appointed a Sri Lankan C.J. Oorloff as Principal (1957-1968).
It was a very wise decision, for the new Principal was a mature man with a very fine record as a high ranking civil servant. He headed Wesely College, Colombo before he came to Trinity. In his day the country was perhaps going through its most difficult period, as anti-British policies were fashionable and national feelings were roused sometimes reaching hysterical proportions. Even the right to survive as an independent school was challenged, many schools in the education system were taken over to the government but Trinity College remained as it was. Mr. Oorloff’s policy of quiet dignified management paid ample dividends. It was indeed a period of stabilization. He was able to accommodate changes taking place in the country whilst maintaining all that was best in the history of Trinity.
Mr. Oorloff retired after 12 years and was succeeded by Mr. Lionel Fernando (1968-1977), a person with administrative experience, new in the field of education, but not a stranger to the school, as he was an old boy. He was the second old boy, to be a Principal of the College, the first being Mr. Simithrarachchy.

Mr. Lionel Fernando had a strong devotion to the school, Understanding the students psychology was his forte. If the main purpose of Trinity is to bring out the best of the character of the student, Mr. Fernando’s ability was a good respite. He threw himself into the life of the school with his deputy, Hillary Abeyrathne, another illustrious old boy who has devoted his life to the service of the school. They believed that the school should have closer ties with the community.

The period of Mr. Lionel Fernando and Hillary Abeyarathne are unique as being two old boys there was total commitment. During their period the Swimming Pool project was begun, which was completed during the time of Rev. Dr Wickramasinghe. The period ended with the departure of Hillary Aberyrathne for Australia, and the early retirement of the Principal. There was an interlude before a permanent Principal was appointed. During this time Rev. Harold De Mel acted as Principal.

Rev. Dr. W.A. Wickremasinghe (1978-1988) was appointed as permanent principal. The legendary Cricket field of Asgiriya was transformed into an International Cricket Stadium during his time. The architect of this project was the Minister in charge of the Mahaweli Development Scheme. This was a daring task into which the Cabinet Minister Lionel Gamini Dissanayeke a loyal old boy threw himself until its completion. It is also noteworthy that the Principal Rev. Dr. W.G. Wickramasinghe embarked on another gigantic project, the Agriculture school in Pallekale, Kandy. This was an attempt to have an institution of higher learning affiliated to Trinity. This although functional for 8 years, did not bear results as expected. Trinity still hopes that such an institution will be a reality in the near future.

Principal Wickramasinghe retired having served ten years of noteworthy service. He himself nominated his successor Captain. L.M. De. Alwis, another old boy who had risen from the bottom of the school as a student, asst. Master, Head Master of the primary school and finally as Principal. As Vice Principal he had the services of Mr. C.B. Rathnayake and another senior master Paul Jeyaraj. Although the Principal took over the mantle with reduced powers compared to those of his predecessors the period was one of quiet and calm improvement. There was a marked improvement in public examination results, many buildings were erected, namely the new science block, auditorium, the new administration block and the rugger stadium at Pallekale.

Principal Lt. Col. L.M. De Alwis was succeeded by another old boy Dr. W.R. Breckenridge. Dr. W.R. Breckenridge retired from his job as the Professor of Zoology of the University of Sri Lanka, Peradeniya, to join Trinity College. The new Principal was no stranger to the school. He was an old boy and son of a well known master R.R. Breckenridge.

Trinity College has evolved into a national school emphasizing good discipline while offering students every facility to grow into a complete personality; a school with activities so diversified that there is abundant life throughout the day every day. Those passing through the school have held positions of responsibility in their own land and have shown remarkable competence at international level. It is a multi-ethnicl and a multi-religious school which, having a Christian foundation, will undoubtedly help to establish peace and harmony amongst a divided nation.

Trinity College will build on its heritage and goes to greater heights in the new millennium. The motto of Trinity is “Respice Finem”, so Trinity looks if not to the end, but to the years ahead in serving the youth of Sri Lanka.

Article From: www.trinitycollege.lk